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Rules for survival in winter in the forest
1. Clothing should be of two types: for parking
lots more insulated, for transitions less insulated.
At the moment of the transitions with the
backpack you do not feel the frost. Quite the contrary, you are warm and even
hot. Sometimes, I even want to take off my hat. Doing this in no case
impossible, because the main reason why people die in the winter in the forest
is hypothermia. And taking off the cap, you increase the heat output. A
compromise variant is the basic clothing for the transitions such that it is
not cold and not hot when moving. Additional insulation is in the backpack, and
is already dressed in the parking lot.
2. Do not waste energy once more. When you are
at the parking lot, you do not need to cut the thick logs with an ax for
firewood, it's better to slip them into the bonfire deeper as you burn. If
hills, ravines, mountains, ridges, and other uneven landscapes come along on
the way, then one should not climb through them to get to the other side if
there is an opportunity to bypass the obstacle. Doing cover, try not to make
unnecessary movements. Do it so that you do not have to redo it.
3. When moving, finding a wide path, do not
descend to narrow paths, even if it seems to you that they will shorten your
path.
4. Having lost your way, you must return to
your tracks again, and analyze your path. Do not try to move only forward,
trying to reach the path that will lead you to people. It is possible that your
"forward" is throwing you deeper back.
5. You can not live long on a berry-mushroom
diet. For energy, a person needs protein. He can get it from meat. Construct
loops and traps from what is available. Try to catch any game. When surviving,
do not disdain even the voles.
6. Berries. In case of poisoning, the chances
of surviving in the winter in the forest are negligible. The body emits a huge
amount of energy to fight the poison, instead of concentrating on keeping the
heat. And if dehydration of the body can be compensated for by melted snow,
then the heat will be much more difficult to obtain. Conclusion: you can eat
berries only those that you know.
7. Shelter: the screen (reflector) will save
you from the wind and rain, but not from the blizzard. Therefore, in the winter
with the wind it is necessary to build shelters by the type of plague. In
extreme cases, you need to put four screens square. Thus, you can live in it
for several days. You need to store firewood with a large margin, so that at
night you can not stay in the cold without heat.
Reflector over the fire also fits, but only in
windless weather.
8. To get out on the path, look for animal
tracks. Most of them go solely along the paths.
10. Do not drink cold water or eat snow. Angina
is provided - this time, body temperature goes down - this is two.
11. At a
lodging near a fire, you need to turn around more often, so that the body warms
evenly. Do not allow your back to be frozen, because you can catch a cold at
the kidneys.
12. Have spare gloves and socks with you. At
the time of building a shelter, willy-nilly, you dig into the snow.
Accordingly, the gloves are soaked. No matter how you try, and in the cold,
even over the fire, it will be very difficult to dry gloves. Wet feet in the
cold - this is almost guaranteed cold, so; do not be too lazy to take on every
firefighter extra pair of socks.
13. The best bonfire in winter is a fire of
three logs. It has better heat dissipation than two, burning longer than any
other types of fires. For logging, you do not need to have an ax, as many
think. It is enough to knock down to the ground with a dozen pieces of not very
high deadwood. You can do this with the help of hands, your weight, or you can
make a lever with an additional branch, sandwiched between a dry and healthy
tree. Logs can not be cut either - they can be slipped on the combustion level.
Fallen trees can also be used. Wet logs from under the snow are not suitable
for such a fire. Only time is needed to warm them up more. Also, wet logs have
even a slight advantage - they burn longer.
14. For ignition along the way, collect as many
birch bark as possible. To light a fire in the frost is not such a simple
activity as you might think. In order to flare even the thinnest and dry twigs,
they should cool up warmly. The upper layer of the tree bark has a number of
advantages for ignition. It is waterproof, non-hygroscopic, thanks to the resin
has excellent heat dissipation and long enough to burn. I tried to make fire
with the help of hay, dry needles, reeds, lichen, but this takes much more time
than burning a fire with birch bark.
15. Stop when you stop for two hours before
sunset. This time you need in order to build a shelter and to carry firewood
for the night. I had episodes when I had to wander at night in the woods in
search of brushwood. This is not the most pleasant thing you can do at night in
the forest.
When spending the night without tents and
sleeping bags, there should be two non-sleeping people for each sleeper who
follow the respiration of the resting companion, and also follow each other. At
the first signs of freezing, a person must be pushed, forced to move, and then
warmed by the fire with hot tea. It is not recommended to drink tea with
hawthorn in such cases, since it calms. When drinking a lot of tea - the whole
group can easily fall asleep. It is better to use raspberries and cranberries
for these purposes.
16. Never go to solitary winter hikes with an
overnight stay. Never go to winter hiking alone without equipment. Do not go to
a winter hike with a minimal outfit for the first time without an instructor.
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